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Traffic Signaling: Port Knocking
![Defense Evasion [Mitre] icon](/media/2024/04/08/icons8-burglar.svg){kind=small}
Adversaries may use port knocking to hide open ports used for persistence or command and control. To enable a port, an adversary sends a series of attempted connections to a predefined sequence of closed ports. After the sequence is completed, opening a port is often accomplished by the host based firewall, but could also be implemented by custom software.
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Read moreTraffic Signaling: Socket Filters
Adversaries may attach filters to a network socket to monitor then activate backdoors used for persistence or command and control. With elevated permissions, adversaries can use features such as the libpcap library to open sockets and install filters to allow or disallow certain types of data to come through the socket. The filter may apply to all traffic passing through …
Read moreTrusted Developer Utilities Proxy Execution: MSBuild
Adversaries may use MSBuild to proxy execution of code through a trusted Windows utility. MSBuild.exe (Microsoft Build Engine) is a software build platform used by Visual Studio. It handles XML formatted project files that define requirements for loading and building various platforms and configurations.
Adversaries can abuse MSBuild to proxy execution of malicious code. The inline task capability of …
Read moreUse Alternate Authentication Material: Pass the Hash
Adversaries may "pass the hash" using stolen password hashes to move laterally within an environment, bypassing normal system access controls. Pass the hash (PtH) is a method of authenticating as a user without having access to the user's cleartext password. This method bypasses standard authentication steps that require a cleartext password, moving directly into the portion of the authentication that …
Read moreUse Alternate Authentication Material: Pass the Ticket
Adversaries may "pass the ticket" using stolen Kerberos tickets to move laterally within an environment, bypassing normal system access controls. Pass the ticket (PtT) is a method of authenticating to a system using Kerberos tickets without having access to an account's password. Kerberos authentication can be used as the first step to lateral movement to a remote system.
When …
Read moreXSL Script Processing
Adversaries may bypass application control and obscure execution of code by embedding scripts inside XSL files. Extensible Stylesheet Language (XSL) files are commonly used to describe the processing and rendering of data within XML files. To support complex operations, the XSL standard includes support for embedded scripting in various languages.
Adversaries may abuse this functionality to execute arbitrary files …
Read moreRetrieve HDD Information
Malware can figure out if it's in a virtual environment by checking hard drive info. It looks for specific details like serial and model numbers. This is easier to spot in VirtualBox because it shows clues that it's running in a virtual space.
Malware uses this trick to avoid getting caught. It does this by using a special command …
Read moreDetecting Virtual Environment Files
Some files are created by Virtualbox and VMware on the system.
Malware can check the different folders to find Virtualbox artifacts like VBoxMouse.sys.
Malware can check the different folders to find VMware artifacts like vmmouse.sys, vmhgfs.sys.
Some Files Example
Below is a list of files that can be detected on virtual machines:
- "C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Programs\StartUp\agent.pyw", …
CloseHandle, NtClose
When a process is debugged, calling NtClose or CloseHandle with an invalid handle will generate a STATUS_INVALID_HANDLE exception.
The exception can be cached by an exception handler. If the control is passed to the exception handler, it indicates that a debugger is present.
Read moreUnhandled Exception Filter
An application-defined function that passes unhandled exceptions to the debugger, if the process is being debugged. Otherwise, it optionally displays an application error message box and causes the exception handler to be executed.
If an exception occurs and no exception handler is registered, the UnhandledExceptionFilter function will be called. It is possible to register a custom unhandled exception filter …