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Process Injection: Process Doppelgänging
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Adversaries may inject malicious code into process via process doppelgänging in order to evade process-based defenses as well as possibly elevate privileges. Process doppelgänging is a method of executing arbitrary code in the address space of a separate live process.
Windows Transactional NTFS (TxF) was introduced in Vista as a method to perform safe file operations. To ensure data …
Read moreProcess Injection: ListPlanting
Adversaries may abuse list-view controls to inject malicious code into hijacked processes in order to evade process-based defenses as well as possibly elevate privileges. ListPlanting is a method of executing arbitrary code in the address space of a separate live process. Code executed via ListPlanting may also evade detection from security products since the execution is masked under a legitimate …
Read moreTemplate Injection
Adversaries may create or modify references in user document templates to conceal malicious code or force authentication attempts. For example, Microsoft’s Office Open XML (OOXML) specification defines an XML-based format for Office documents (.docx, xlsx, .pptx) to replace older binary formats (.doc, .xls, .ppt). OOXML files are packed together ZIP archives compromised of various XML files, referred to as parts, …
Read moreAppInit DLL Injection
Any Dynamic Link Libraries (DLL) that are specified within the AppInit_DLLs registry key values are loaded by user32.dll into any process that utilizes user32.dll. So by modifying the AppInit_DLLs registry key value and pointing it to a malicious DLL, an attacker can force the system to load their DLL into every process that utilizes user32.dll and force it to execute …
Atom Bombing
Atom Bombing is a technique that utilizes Windows Atom Tables, which provide a global storage mechanism for strings, to inject malicious code into a target process.
The technique involves storing a shellcode in an Atom Table, then using the NtQueueApcThread function to force the targeted process to access the specific Atom, causing the injection to occur. To bypass Data …
Process Doppelgänging
This technique leverages the Transactional NTFS functionality in Windows. This functionality helps maintain data integrity during an unexpected error. For example, when an application needs to write or modify a file, if an error is triggered mid-write, the data can be corrupted. To avoid this kind of behavior, an application can open the file in a transactional mode to perform …
Propagate
This technique involves modifying the internal properties of a window in order to intercept and modify or monitor the behavior of the window when it receives messages. To do this, an application creates a buffer containing shellcode and injects it into the target process.
Then, it modifies the internal structure used by the specific properties, such as UxSubclassInfo and …
Read moreCtrl+Inject
The "Control Signal Handler Callback" technique involves injecting malicious code into a process by using a callback function for control signal handlers. When a control signal, such as Ctrl+C, is received by a process, the system creates a new thread to execute a function to handle the signal. This thread is typically created by the legitimate process "csrss.exe" in the …
Read moreProcess Reimaging
Process Reimaging is a technique used to evade detection by endpoint security solutions. It is a variation of the Process Hollowing or Process Doppelganging techniques, which are used to execute arbitrary code in the context of another process.
The Windows operating system has inconsistencies in how it determines the locations of process image FILE_OBJECTs, which can impact the ability …
Read moreDirty Vanity
Dirty Vanity is a process injection technique that exploits the Windows forking (process reflection and snapshotting) feature to inject code into a new process.
It uses the RtlCreateProcessReflection or NtCreateProcess[Ex] primitives, along with the PROCESS_VM_OPERATION, PROCESS_CREATE_THREAD, and PROCESS_DUP_HANDLE flags to reflect and execute code in a new process.
The technique also makes use of various methods, …
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